Bio+SPA+notes

__Report format:__ 1-aim 2-predictions 3-assumptions 4-difficulties encountered 5-precautions taken 6-results and observations table: 7-conclusion 8-errors
 * test-tube || content || observation || conclusion ||

__*notes*__ incubate in -- degree celsius enzymes are proteins

__Types of food test:__ -**benedict test** for presence of **reducing sugars** (eg.glucose), test for carbohydrates 1.add Benedict's solution in a test tube to the object you are testing 2.place the test tube into a beaker of boiling water 3.observe for color change --> ** green orange red brown ** - increasing amounts of reducing sugar

-**biuret test** for presence of **protein** 1.add equal amounts of sodium hydroxide 2.add copper sulphate, drop by drop (if it turns violet)

-**emulsion test** to determine the presence of **lipids/fats** 1. Add 2cm3 of the sample to be tested into a test tube 2.Pour 2cm3 of ethanol followed by 2cm3 of water 3.Shake the test tube vigorously 4.If you see a cloudy white emulsion then lipids are present

-**iodine test** for **starch, test for carbohydrates ** 1.add iodine solution to test substance on white tile 2.observe if iodine solution turns blue-black (positive)

__Stuff to know:__ -minimal on digestion -salivary amylase (PH 7) -when acid is added to protein, protein is just coagulated (change to a solid or semisolid state)